South Korea’s Climate Pledge to Cut Coal, Lower Emissions Clash With U.S. Push for LNG Purchases

South Korea’s ambitious climate pledges to phase down coal use and sharply reduce greenhouse gas emissions are colliding with growing pressure from the United States to increase long-term purchases of liquefied natural gas, exposing a complex tension between decarbonization goals, energy security, and geopolitical alliances. As one of Asia’s largest energy importers, South Korea has committed to achieving carbon neutrality by mid-century, with plans to cut reliance on coal-fired power and expand renewable energy, nuclear generation, and energy efficiency measures. However, U.S. officials and energy exporters have increasingly promoted LNG as a reliable alternative to coal and a cornerstone of energy cooperation, urging Seoul to lock in long-term contracts that would support American producers and strengthen bilateral ties. While LNG emits less carbon dioxide than coal when burned, climate advocates argue that expanded gas infrastructure risks locking South Korea into fossil fuel dependence for decades, complicating its emissions-reduction pathway and undermining investments in renewables. South Korean policymakers face a delicate balancing act, as LNG plays a critical role in ensuring stable electricity supply, particularly during peak demand and periods when renewable generation fluctuates.